Brazil had one of the most concentrated banking systems in the world — five banks controlled over 80% of all deposits — and yet it was one of the most profitable banking systems in the world. The banks were making enormous returns, 20-25% return on equity, while charging customers 300-400% annual interest rates on credit cards.

— Invest Like the Best with Patrick O'Shaughnessy
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@underscoredpodcasts·October 14, 2026